There are multiple ways to show a domains DNS records. The simplest way is to visit viewdns.com and just type the domain name into the search box, the results will include both present and also historical DNS records if any exists. In most cases, this is the simplest way to quickly view the DNS settings, faster than using the terminal.
Speaking about the terminal, if you still like to go old school and tab out (to the terminal). Then I suggest using the command dig. It provides all the data usually needed. Let me show you:
viewdns.com. 294 IN A 104.27.142.166 viewdns.com. 294 IN A 104.27.143.166 viewdns.com. 172794 IN NS kevin.ns.cloudflare.com. viewdns.com. 172794 IN NS sue.ns.cloudflare.com.
Windows command prompt offers a similar tool nslookup (also available on Unix/MacOS). Its super simple to use, just type nslookup {domainname} in the command prompt and you should see something like this:
Server: 192.168.10.1 Address: 192.168.10.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: viewdns.com Address: 104.27.143.166 Name: viewdns.com Address: 104.27.142.166
In this case the A stands for A-Pointer which contains / points to the IP used for reaching the specific website / server, NS stands for NameServers and that is where your DNS records is stored.
I've written more about this on viewdns.com
For supplementary studies I recommend doing a few specific queries where you include the specific type.
Server: 192.168.10.1 Address: 192.168.10.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: viewdns.com nameserver = kevin.ns.cloudflare.com. viewdns.com nameserver = sue.ns.cloudflare.com.
These are the most common DNS record types:
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